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PLHC-1

CRL-2406

Product category
Animal cells
Organism
Poeciliopsis lucida, topminnow
Cell type
hepatocyte
Morphology
epithelial
Tissue
Liver
Disease
Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Applications
3D cell culture
Cancer research
High-throughput screening
Toxicology
Product format
Frozen
Storage conditions
Vapor phase of liquid nitrogen
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Documentation

ATCC determines the biosafety level of a material based on our risk assessment as guided by the current edition of Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is your responsibility to understand the hazards associated with the material per your organization’s policies and procedures as well as any other applicable regulations as enforced by your local or national agencies.

ATCC highly recommends that appropriate personal protective equipment is always used when handling vials. For cultures that require storage in liquid nitrogen, it is important to note that some vials may leak when submersed in liquid nitrogen and will slowly fill with liquid nitrogen. Upon thawing, the conversion of the liquid nitrogen back to its gas phase may result in the vial exploding or blowing off its cap with dangerous force creating flying debris. Unless necessary, ATCC recommends that these cultures be stored in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen rather than submersed in liquid nitrogen.

Required Products

These products are vital for the proper use of this item and have been confirmed as effective in supporting functionality. If you use alternative products, the quality and effectiveness of the item may be affected.

Detailed product information

General

Specific applications
The PLHC-1 (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was derived from an adult female Poeciliopsis lucida, a topminnow from the Sonoran Desert.
These cells maintain a number of differentiated cell functions of hepatocytes.
PHLC-1 cells can be used in an in vitro system to screen environmentally relevant stressors such as heavy metals using a combined stress protein and cytotoxicity assay.
Increases in heat shock protein hsp70 can be detected in this system.

Characteristics

Growth properties
Adherent
Derivation
The PLHC-1 (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was derived from an adult female Poeciliopsis lucida, a topminnow from the Sonoran Desert.
Gender
Female
Clinical data
The PLHC-1 (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was derived from an adult female Poeciliopsis lucida, a topminnow from the Sonoran Desert.
Genes expressed
cytochrome P450 (CYP)
Expression markers
Aryl hydrocarbon (Ah)
Comments
The PLHC-1 (Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma) cell line was derived from an adult female Poeciliopsis lucida, a topminnow from the Sonoran Desert.
A transplantable tumor was induced by multiple doses of 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) treatment of the fish in 1982 by Mary E. Schultz.
The tumor was adapted to cell culture in 1985 by Lawrence E. Hightower.
These cells maintain a number of differentiated cell functions of hepatocytes. The cells possess inducible and stable cytochrome P450 (CYF) activity. This activity is inducible by 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB).
Cytochrome P450 activity is also inducible by Aroclor 1254 (a chemical inducer of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase activity), and reduced by EPN (an inhibitor of P450 activity).
PHLC-1 cells can be used in an in vitro system to screen environmentally relevant stressors such as heavy metals using a combined stress protein and cytotoxicity assay. Increases in heat shock protein hsp70 can be detected in this system.
Retention of hepatocyte properties has made this cell line ideal for in vitro toxicology assays; it has been well characterized by environmental toxicologists.

Handling information

Unpacking and storage instructions
  1. Check all containers for leakage or breakage.
  2. Remove the frozen cells from the dry ice packaging and immediately place the cells at a temperature below ­-130°C, preferably in liquid nitrogen vapor, until ready for use.
Complete medium
Minimum essential medium (Eagle) with 2 mM L-glutamine and Earle's BSS adjusted to contain 1.5 g/L sodium bicarbonate, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acids, and 1.0 mM sodium pyruvate, 95%; fetal bovine serum, 5%
Temperature
30°C
Atmosphere
95% Air, 5% CO2
Handling procedure
To insure the highest level of viability, thaw the vial and initiate the culture as soon as possible upon receipt. If upon arrival, continued storage of the frozen culture is necessary, it should be stored in liquid nitrogen vapor phase and not at –70°C. Storage at –70°C will result in loss of viability.
  1. Thaw the vial by gentle agitation in a 37°C water bath. To reduce the possibility of contamination, keep the O-ring and cap out of the water. Thawing should be rapid (approximately 2 minutes).
  2. Remove the vial from the water bath as soon as the contents are thawed, and decontaminate by dipping in or spraying with 70% ethanol. All of the operations from this point on should be carried out under strict aseptic conditions.
  3. Transfer the vial contents to a 75 cm2 tissue culture flask and dilute with the recommended complete culture medium (see the specific batch information for the recommended dilution ratio).   It is important to avoid excessive alkalinity of the medium during recovery of the cells.  It is suggested that, prior to the addition of the vial contents, the culture vessel containing the growth medium be placed into the incubator for at least 15 minutes to allow the medium to reach its normal pH (7.0 to 7.6).
  4. Incubate the culture at 30°C in a suitable incubator.  A 5% CO2 in air atmosphere is recommended if using the medium described on this product sheet.

Note: If it is desired that the cryoprotective agent be removed immediately, or that a more concentrated cell suspension be obtained, centrifuge the cell suspension at approximately 125 x g for 5 to 10 minutes.  Discard the supernatant and resuspend the cells with fresh growth medium at the dilution ratio recommended in the specific batch information.

Subculturing procedure
Volumes used in this protocol are for 75 cm2 flask; proportionally reduce or increase amount of dissociation medium for culture vessels of other sizes.
  1. Remove and discard culture medium.
  2. Briefly rinse the cell layer with 0.05% (w/v) Trypsin-0.53mM EDTA solution to remove all traces of serum which contains trypsin inhibitor.
  3. Add 2.0 to 3.0 mL of Trypsin-EDTA solution to flask and allow flasks to set at room temperature for 3 to 5 minutes.
  4. Tap flask and cells will slide off bottom of the flask.
    Note: Cells come off in small clumps and are difficult to break up into single cells without greatly reducing cell viability.
  5. Add 6.0 to 8.0 mL of complete growth medium and aspirate cells by gently pipetting. 
  6. Add appropriate aliquots of the cell suspension to new culture vessels.
  7. Incubate cultures at 30°C.

Subcultivation Ratio: 1:4 to 1:8
Medium Renewal: Every 2 to 3 days

Note: For more information on enzymatic dissociation and subculturing of cell lines consult Chapter 10 in Culture of Animal Cells, a Manual of Basic Technique by R. Ian Freshney, 3rd edition, published by Alan R. Liss, N.Y., 1994.

Reagents for cryopreservation
Complete growth medium supplemented with 5% (v/v) DMSO (ATCC 4-X)

Quality control specifications

Mycoplasma contamination
Not detected

History

Deposited as
Poeciliopsis lucida
Depositors
LE Hightower

Legal disclaimers

Intended use
This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for any animal or human therapeutic use, any human or animal consumption, or any diagnostic use.
Warranty

The product is provided 'AS IS' and the viability of ATCC® products is warranted for 30 days from the date of shipment, provided that the customer has stored and handled the product according to the information included on the product information sheet, website, and Certificate of Analysis. For living cultures, ATCC lists the media formulation and reagents that have been found to be effective for the product. While other unspecified media and reagents may also produce satisfactory results, a change in the ATCC and/or depositor-recommended protocols may affect the recovery, growth, and/or function of the product. If an alternative medium formulation or reagent is used, the ATCC warranty for viability is no longer valid.  Except as expressly set forth herein, no other warranties of any kind are provided, express or implied, including, but not limited to, any implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, manufacture according to cGMP standards, typicality, safety, accuracy, and/or noninfringement.

Disclaimers

This product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for any animal or human therapeutic use, any human or animal consumption, or any diagnostic use. Any proposed commercial use is prohibited without a license from ATCC.

While ATCC uses reasonable efforts to include accurate and up-to-date information on this product sheet, ATCC makes no warranties or representations as to its accuracy. Citations from scientific literature and patents are provided for informational purposes only. ATCC does not warrant that such information has been confirmed to be accurate or complete and the customer bears the sole responsibility of confirming the accuracy and completeness of any such information.

This product is sent on the condition that the customer is responsible for and assumes all risk and responsibility in connection with the receipt, handling, storage, disposal, and use of the ATCC product including without limitation taking all appropriate safety and handling precautions to minimize health or environmental risk. As a condition of receiving the material, the customer agrees that any activity undertaken with the ATCC product and any progeny or modifications will be conducted in compliance with all applicable laws, regulations, and guidelines. This product is provided 'AS IS' with no representations or warranties whatsoever except as expressly set forth herein and in no event shall ATCC, its parents, subsidiaries, directors, officers, agents, employees, assigns, successors, and affiliates be liable for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any kind in connection with or arising out of the customer's use of the product. While reasonable effort is made to ensure authenticity and reliability of materials on deposit, ATCC is not liable for damages arising from the misidentification or misrepresentation of such materials.

Please see the material transfer agreement (MTA) for further details regarding the use of this product. The MTA is available at www.atcc.org.

Permits & Restrictions

Import Permit for the State of Hawaii

If shipping to the U.S. state of Hawaii, you must provide either an import permit or documentation stating that an import permit is not required. We cannot ship this item until we receive this documentation. Contact the Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA), Plant Industry Division, Plant Quarantine Branch to determine if an import permit is required.

MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PERMITS AND RESTRICTIONS

Frequently Asked Questions

References

Curated Citations

Celander M, et al. Cytochromes P450 (CYP) in the Poeciliopsis lucida hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLHC-1): dose- and time-dependent glucocorticoid potentiation of CYP1A induction without induction of CYP3A. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 329: 113-122, 1996. PubMed: 8619627

Huuskonen SE, et al. A fish hepatoma cell line (PLHC-1) as a tool to study cytotoxicity and CYP1A induction properties of cellulose and wood chip extracts. Chemosphere 36: 2921-2932, 1998. PubMed: 9734273

Schultz ME, Schultz RJ. Transplantable chemically-induced liver tumors in the viviparous fish Poeciliopsis. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 42: 320-330, 1985. PubMed: 2987024

Tocher DR, et al. Occurrence of 22:3n-9 and 22:4n-9 in the lipids of the topminnow (Poeciliopsis lucida) hepatic tumor cell line, PLHC-1. Lipids 30: 555-565, 1995. PubMed: 7651084

Fent K. Ecotoxicology of organotin compounds. Crit. Rev. Toxicol. 26: 1-117, 1996. PubMed: 8833456

View All Curated Citations for this Product

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